Ceramics
Alumina yumbu nau'in nau'in yumbu ne mai jurewa, lalatawa da ƙarfin yumbu mai ƙarfi.An yi amfani dashi ko'ina kuma a halin yanzu shine mafi yawan amfani da nau'in tukwane mai zafin jiki. Domin samar da taro samar da saduwa da bukatun na yau da kullum samfurin bayyanar, kananan nika adadin da sauki lafiya nika, yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi forming Hanyar bushe pressing.Compression gyare-gyaren bukatar cewa blank ne foda tare da wani gradation, tare da ƙasa da danshi da binder.Saboda haka, da slurry na tsari bayan ball milling da lafiya crushing dole ne a bushe mafi girma da kuma granulk dengan ruwa da ruwa. Fesa bushewa granulation ya zama asali hanya don samar da ginin tukwane da kuma sabon tukwane.The foda shirya ta wannan tsari yana da kyau fluidity, wani rabo daga manya da kananan barbashi, da kuma mai kyau girma yawa.Saboda haka, spraying bushewa ne mafi inganci hanyar shirya busassun guga man foda.
Bushewar fesa wani tsari ne wanda kayan ruwa (ciki har da slurry) suke atom ɗin sannan a canza su zuwa busassun kayan foda a cikin matsakaicin bushewa mai zafi. An sanya kayan atom ɗin zuwa cikin fogdrops masu kyau masu kyau sosai, saboda fogdrops suna da kyau sosai kuma rabon yanki zuwa girma yana da girma sosai, danshi yana ƙafe da sauri, kuma ana gama bushewa da granulation a cikin nan take. The barbashi size, danshi abun ciki da kuma girma yawa na kayan za a iya sarrafawa ta daidaita bushewa aiki sigogi. Spherical foda tare da uniform quality da kuma mai kyau repeatability za a iya samar da shan feshi bushewa fasaha, don haka rage samar da tsari na foda, sauƙaƙe atomatik da kuma ci gaba da samarwa, da kuma kasancewa mai tasiri hanya ga manyan-sikelin shiri na lafiya alumina yumbu bushe foda kayan.
2.1.1 Shiri na Slurry
A farko-aji masana'antu alumina tare da tsarki na 99% an kara da game da 5% na Additives shirya 95% ain abu, da ball milling ne da za'ayi bisa ga rabo na abu: ball: ruwa = 1: 2: 1, da ɗaure, deflocculant da kuma dace adadin ruwa suna kara da cewa shirya barga dakatar slurry, da visced da za'ayi a cikin wani m ma'auni da m abun ciki da aka ƙaddara da m slurry. nau'in da sashi na deflocculant.
2.1.2 Fesa bushewa tsari
Babban ma'auni na tsarin sarrafawa a cikin tsarin bushewar feshi sune: a). The kanti zafin jiki na bushewa.Gabaɗaya sarrafawa a 110 ℃.b). Diamita na ciki na bututun ƙarfe.Yi amfani da farantin bango na 0.16mm ko 0.8mm. c), Cyclone SEPARATOR matsa lamba bambanci, iko a 220Pa.
2.1.3 Binciken Ayyuka na Foda bayan Fasa bushewa
Za a gudanar da ƙayyadaddun danshi bisa ga hanyoyin ƙayyadaddun yumbura na yau da kullum. Barbashiilimin halittar jiki da kuma barbashi size aka lura da microscope.The fluidity da girma yawa na foda an gwada bisa ga ASTM gwaji nagartacce domin fluidity da girma yawa na karfe foda. Hanyar ita ce: a ƙarƙashin yanayin babu vibration, 50g foda (daidai zuwa 0. 01g) ya ratsa cikin wuyansa na gilashin gilashi tare da diamita na 6mm da tsayin 3mm don ruwansa; A karkashin yanayin rashin rawar jiki, foda ya wuce ta hanyar gilashin gilashi guda ɗaya kuma ya fada cikin akwati mai tsayi 25mm mai tsayi daga gilashin gilashi guda. Ƙwayar da ba ta girgiza ba ita ce ƙarancin tattarawa.
3.1.1 Shiri na slurry
Yin amfani da tsari na bushewar bushewa, shirya slurry shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci. M abun ciki, fineness da fluidity na laka zai kai tsaye rinjayar da fitarwa da kuma barbashi girman bushe foda.
Saboda foda na irin wannan alumina ain bakarare, shi wajibi ne don ƙara daidai adadin dauri don inganta forming yi na blank.Commonly amfani da kwayoyin abubuwa kamar dextrin, polyvinyl barasa, carboxymethylcellulose, polystyrene, da dai sauransu.Polyvinyl barasa (PVA), wani ruwa-mai narkewa mai ɗaure, an zaba tare da mafi m ga canji zafi a cikin wannan gwaji. Abubuwan busassun foda.
Polyvinyl barasa yana da nau'ikan daban-daban, digiri daban-daban na hydrolyis da kuma matsayin polymerization, wanda zai shafi tsarin bushewa. Babban digirinsa na hydrolysis da digiri na polymerization zai shafi tsarin bushewar feshi. Its sashi ne yawanci 014 - 015wt% .A Bugu da kari da yawa zai sa SPRAY granulation foda don samar da wuya bushe foda barbashi don hana barbashi daga deforming a lokacin pressing.Idan barbashi halaye ba za a iya kawar da a lokacin da latsawa, wadannan lahani za a adana a cikin kore jiki kuma ba za a iya kawar da bayan harbe-harbe, wanda zai shafi ingancin samfurin karshe. Ƙarfin ɗaure da ƙaramin ƙarfi kore zai ƙara asarar aiki. Gwajin ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka ƙara daidai adadin abin ɗaure, ana lura da sashin koren billet a ƙarƙashin ma'aunin gani. Ana iya ganin cewa lokacin da aka ƙara matsa lamba daga 3Mpa zuwa 6Mpa, sashin yana ƙaruwa da kyau, kuma akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke kewaye. Lokacin da matsa lamba ne 9Mpa, sashe ne santsi, kuma akwai m babu mai siffar zobe barbashi, amma babban matsa lamba zai kai ga stratification na kore billet.PVA aka bude a game da 200 ℃.
Fara ƙonewa, da magudana a kusan 360 ℃. Domin narkar da Organic ɗaure da jika da billet barbashi, samar da ruwa interlayer tsakanin barbashi, inganta plasticity na billet, rage gogayya tsakanin barbashi da gogayya tsakanin kayan da mold, inganta da yawa karuwa daga cikin guga man billet da kuma dace da adadin da aka yi amfani da roba roba, ƙara yawan adadin da ake amfani da su. glycerin, ethyl oxalic acid, da dai sauransu.
Saboda mai ɗaure shi ne polymer macromolecular macromolecular, hanyar da za a ƙara mai ɗaure a cikin slurry shima yana da mahimmanci.Ya fi dacewa don ƙara mai daɗaɗɗen da aka shirya a cikin laka mai ɗamara tare da ingantaccen abun ciki da ake buƙata.Ta wannan hanyar, abubuwan da ba a warware su ba kuma waɗanda ba a tarwatsa su ba za a iya kaucewa a kawo su cikin slurry, kuma za a iya rage lahani bayan harbe-harbe ta hanyar daɗaɗɗen binder lokacin da za a iya rage raunin da ya faru. motsawa. Iskar da aka naɗe a cikin digo tana cikin busasshen foda, wanda ke sa busassun barbashi su yi rami kuma suna rage girman girma. Don magance wannan matsala, ana iya ƙara masu defoamers.
Saboda tattalin arziki da fasaha bukatun, high m abun ciki ake bukata.As samar iya aiki na na'urar bushewa yana nufin da evaporation ruwa a kowace awa, da slurry da high m abun ciki zai muhimmanci ƙara bushe foda fitarwa. Lokacin da m abun ciki ya karu daga 50% zuwa 75%, fitarwa na bushewa zai karu da sau biyu.
Ƙananan abun ciki shine babban dalilin da ke haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin aikin bushewa, ruwa yana ƙaura zuwa saman ɗigon ruwa kuma yana ɗaukar ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ya sa ɓangaren ciki na ɗigon ruwa ya zama rami; idan an samar da fim ɗin mai ƙarancin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a kusa da droplet, saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙawancen ruwa, zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa, kuma ruwan yana ƙafewa daga ɓangaren ciki, wanda ke haifar da ɗigon ruwa. m abun ciki na iya rage
A cikin gajeren tsari na bushewa, raguwar tsarin bushewa zai iya rage yawan abin da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga barbashi tare da ruwa, don kauce wa cewa abin da ke tattare da shi a kan barbashi yana da girma fiye da tsakiya, don haka barbashi suna da wuyar wuri, kuma barbashi ba su lalata da kuma murkushe su a cikin tsarin matsi da kafawa, don rage yawan nauyin jikin billet. Sabili da haka, don samun busassun foda mai inganci, dole ne a ƙara ƙarfin abun ciki na slurry.
slurry da ake amfani da shi don bushewa bushewa ya kamata ya sami isasshen ruwa da danshi kamar yadda zai yiwu.Idan an rage danko na slurry ta hanyar gabatar da ruwa mai yawa, ba wai kawai yawan amfani da makamashi na bushewa ya karu ba, amma har ma yawan nauyin samfurin ya rage.Saboda haka, wajibi ne don rage danko na slurry tare da taimakon coagulant da yawa na micros koagulant. barbashi, wanda za a iya daukarsa a matsayin colloidal watsawa tsarin.Ka'idar colloidal kwanciyar hankali ya nuna cewa akwai biyu sojojin aiki a kan dakatar barbashi: van der Waals karfi (Coulomb Force) da electrostatic repulsion karfi. Idan da karfi ne yafi nauyi, agglomeration da flocculation zai faru.The total m makamashi (VT) na hulda tsakanin barbashi da alaka da su nisa, a lokacin da VT a wani matsayi ne jimlar da gravitational makamashi VA da m makamashi VR.Lokacin VT tsakanin barbashi gabatar da matsakaicin m m makamashi, shi ne tsarin da kwanciyar hankali da aka ba da wani tsarin na suspension na wani suspension. wadanda ayyuka da sarrafa VR: da surface cajin barbashi da kuma kauri na biyu lantarki layers.The kauri daga cikin bilayer ne inversely gwargwado zuwa square tushen valence bond da maida hankali na ma'auni ion.Double Layer matsawa iya rage m shãmaki na flocculation, don haka valence bond da maida hankali na ma'auni na ma'auni a cikin low bayani ake bukata H3 demulifiers. NaOH, (CH) 3noh (quaternary amin), GA, da dai sauransu.
Saboda ruwa-tushen slurry na 95 alumina yumbu foda ne tsaka tsaki da kuma alkalescent, da yawa coagulants wanda ke da kyau diluting sakamako a kan sauran yumbu slurry rasa aikin su.Saboda haka, yana da matukar wuya a shirya slurry tare da babban m abun ciki da kuma mai kyau fluidity.The bakarare alumina slurry, wanda nasa ne zuwa ga amphote ko oxidation tsari, yana da daban-daban acid dissoric matakai. Matsayin rabuwa na nau'in micelle daban-daban da tsari. Ƙimar pH na slurry zai shafi kai tsaye zuwa matakin rarrabawa da haɓakawa, yana haifar da canji na yuwuwar ζ da madaidaicin flocculation ko dissociation.
Alumina slurry yana da matsakaicin darajar tabbatacce da korau ζ m a cikin acid ko alkaline matsakaici. A wannan lokacin, danko na slurry yana cikin mafi ƙasƙanci darajar jihar de coagulation, yayin da lokacin da slurry ke cikin tsaka tsaki, danko yana ƙaruwa, kuma flocculation yana faruwa. ƙara madaidaicin demulsifier, ta yadda darajar dankon sa ya kusa da na ruwa. Ruwan ruwan da aka auna ta hanyar viscometer mai sauƙi shine 3 seconds / 100 ml, kuma yawan ruwan slurry shine 4 seconds / 100 ml. an rage danko na slurry, don haka m abun ciki a cikin slurry za a iya ƙara zuwa 60%, da kuma barga shiryawa za a iya kafa.Kamar yadda iya aiki na na'urar bushewa yana nufin evaporation na ruwa a kowace awa, don haka da dakatar.
3.1.2 Sarrafa manyan sigogi a cikin tsarin bushewar feshi
Tsarin iska a cikin hasumiya mai bushewa yana rinjayar lokacin bushewa, lokacin riƙewa, ragowar ruwa da mannewar bangon digo. digon ya kai saman bugun bugun, sai ya zama magudanar ruwa kuma ya fesa zuwa siffar conical. Da zarar ɗigon ya shiga hasumiya mai bushewa, nan da nan zai kai matsakaicin saurin bushewa kuma ya shiga matakin bushewa akai-akai. Tsawon matakan bushewa akai-akai ya dogara da abun ciki na danshi na droplet, danko na laka, zazzabi da zafi na busassun iska. Matsakaicin iyaka C daga matakin bushewa akai-akai zuwa saurin bushewa ana kiransa maƙasudin mahimmanci. A wannan lokacin, saman digo ba zai iya ci gaba da kasancewa da cikakken yanayin ta hanyar ƙaura na ruwa ba, Tare da raguwar ƙimar evaporation, yawan zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa, kuma saman ɗigon ruwa a maki D ya cika, yana samar da Layer na harsashi mai wuya. Evaporation yana motsawa zuwa ciki, kuma yawan bushewa yana ci gaba da raguwa. Ƙarin kawar da ruwa yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin danshi na harsashi mai wuya.Saboda haka, wajibi ne don sarrafa ma'auni na aiki masu dacewa.
A danshi abun ciki na busassun foda ne yafi m da kanti zafin jiki na feshi dryer.The danshi abun ciki rinjayar da girma yawa da fluidity na busassun foda, da kuma kayyade ingancin guga man blank.PVA ne m ga zafi. A karkashin yanayi daban-daban na danshi, adadin PVA na iya haifar da tauri daban-daban na farfajiyar busassun busassun busassun foda, wanda ke sa ƙaddarar matsa lamba ta jujjuya da ingancin samarwa a lokacin aikin latsawa. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a kula da zafin jiki sosai don tabbatar da abun ciki na busassun foda. Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a sarrafa yawan zafin jiki na kanti a 110 ℃, kuma ya kamata a daidaita zafin shigar da ya dace.The mashin zafin jiki bai wuce 400 ℃ ba, gabaɗaya ana sarrafa shi a kusan 380 ℃.Idan zafin shigar ya yi yawa, zafin iska mai zafi a saman hasumiya zai yi zafi. Lokacin da hazo saukad da tashi zuwa mafi girma da kuma ci karo da overheated iska, ga yumbu foda dauke da ɗaure, da sakamakon dauri za a rage, kuma a karshe da latsa yi na busassun foda za a shafa.Na biyu, idan mashiga zafin jiki ne ma high, da sabis na hita kuma za a shafi, da hita fata zai fadi kashe da kuma shigar da bushewa hasumiya tare da zafi yanayin da pollut da zazzabi fitar da foda. An m ƙaddara, da kanti zafin jiki kuma za a iya daidaita ta matsa lamba na feed famfo, da matsa lamba da bambanci na cyclone SEPARATOR, da m abun ciki na slurry da sauran dalilai.
Bambanci na matsa lamba na cyclone SEPARATOR.Bambanci na matsa lamba na cyclone SEPARATOR yana da girma, wanda zai kara yawan zafin jiki, ƙara yawan tarin kwayoyin halitta da rage yawan amfanin bushewa.
3.1.3 Properties na fesa busasshen foda
Ruwan ruwa da yawan tattarawar alumina yumbu foda wanda aka shirya ta hanyar bushewa da feshi gabaɗaya ya fi waɗanda aka shirya ta hanyar da aka saba. The foda na manual granulation ba zai iya gudana ta hanyar gano na'urar ba tare da vibration, da kuma foda na fesa granulation iya yin wannan gaba daya. Dangane da ma'auni na ASTM don gwada ƙarfin foda na ƙarfe da yawa, yawancin yawa da yawan ruwa na barbashi da aka samu ta bushewar bushewa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na ruwa an auna. Duba Table 1.
Table 1 sako-sako da yawa da ruwa na fesa busasshen foda
Tebura 1 Yawan foda da yawan kwarara
| Abun ciki (%) | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 4.0 |
| Yawan matsewa (g/cm3) | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.15 |
| Ruwa (s) | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.5 |
Abubuwan da ke ciki na fesa busassun foda ana sarrafa su gabaɗaya a 1 - 3%. A wannan lokacin, ruwa na foda yana da kyau, wanda zai iya saduwa da bukatun latsa gyare-gyare.
DG1 shine yawan ƙwayar foda da aka yi da hannu, kuma DG2 shine yawan foda don granulation.
Hannun granulated foda an shirya shi ta hanyar niƙa ball, bushewa, sieving da granulation.
Table 2 yawa na guga man foda kafa ta manual granulation da fesa granulation
Tebur 2 Koren Jikin Jiki
| Matsi (MPA) | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 |
| DG1 (g/cm3) | 2.32 | 2.32 | 2.32 | 2.33 | 2.36 | 2.4 |
| DG2 (g/cm3) | 2.36 | 2.46 | 2.53 | 2.56 | 2.59 | 2.59 |
The barbashi size da kuma ilimin halittar jiki na foda aka lura da microscope.It za a iya gani cewa barbashi ne m m mai siffar zobe, tare da bayyana dubawa da kuma m surface. Wasu barbashi suna da siffar apple, siffar pear ko gada, suna lissafin kashi 3% na jimlar. The barbashi size rarraba shi ne kamar haka: matsakaicin adadin barbashi size ne 200 μ m (< 1%), m barbashi size ne 20 μ m (mutum), mafi yawan barbashi ne game da 100 μ m (50%), da kuma mafi barbashi ne game da 50 μ m (20%). The foda samar da spraying ne sintered a 3 165 cm.3.
(1) 95 alumina slurry tare da 60% m abun ciki za a iya samu ta amfani da PVA a matsayin mai ɗaure, ƙara dace coagulant da man shafawa.
(2) m iko na feshi bushewa aiki sigogi iya samun manufa bushe foda.
(3) ta hanyar ɗaukar tsarin bushewa na feshi, 95 alumina foda, wanda ya dace da tsarin busassun bushewa, ana iya samarwa. Matsakaicin ƙarancinsa yana kusan 1.1g/cm3da sintering yawa ne 3170g/cm3.
